Relativity Time Dilation Calculator
Einstein's special relativity tells us that time slows down for objects moving at high speeds. This calculator computes the Lorentz factor (γ) and shows how much time dilation occurs at any given velocity. Enter the speed as a fraction of the speed of light (β = v/c) to see how one second for a traveler compares to time for a stationary observer.
How We Calculate This
The Lorentz factor γ = 1/√(1 - β²), where β = v/c. Coordinate time = γ × proper time. This describes time dilation in special relativity. General relativistic effects (gravity) are not included.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Lorentz factor?
The Lorentz factor (γ) is the factor by which time, length, and relativistic mass change for an object moving at velocity v. It's defined as γ = 1/√(1 - v²/c²), where c is the speed of light.
What is time dilation?
Time dilation is the phenomenon where time passes more slowly for an object moving at high speed relative to a stationary observer. A clock on a fast spaceship ticks slower than a clock on Earth.
Why can't anything reach light speed?
As velocity approaches light speed, the Lorentz factor approaches infinity, meaning infinite energy would be required. The speed of light is the cosmic speed limit for objects with mass.
Is time dilation real?
Yes! Time dilation has been confirmed experimentally. GPS satellites must correct for it - their clocks tick faster than Earth clocks due to weaker gravity, but slower due to their orbital speed.
What is proper time?
Proper time is the time measured by a clock moving with the object (the traveler's time). Coordinate time is the time measured by a stationary observer watching the moving object.
Related Calculators
You might also find these calculators helpful: Relativistic Doppler Shift, and Space Travel Time.