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Rainwater Harvesting Calculator

Example: 100 m² roof × 1000 mm = 72,000 L

Every millimetre of rain that falls on one square metre of roof equals one litre of water. This calculator estimates annual rainwater collection based on roof catchment area, local rainfall, and system efficiency. Collected rainwater can supplement garden irrigation, toilet flushing, and laundry.
Last reviewed by SparkCalc editorial team · March 2024
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mm/year
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people

Supply vs demand

Annual Yield

Litres collected per year

Daily Average

Average litres per day

Demand Coverage

Share of household non-potable water covered

Suggested Tank Size

Recommended storage capacity

Potential Savings

Based on water costs

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How We Calculate This

Annual yield = roof area × annual rainfall × (runoff coefficient/100) × (system efficiency/100). The 1 mm × 1 m² = 1 litre relationship comes from the definition of millimetres of precipitation depth.

Methodology last reviewed: March 2024. How SparkCalc works

Sources: U.S. EPA: Soak Up the Rain: Rain Barrels · U.S. EPA: What You Can Do to Soak Up the Rain · U.S. EPA: Soak Up the Rain (Green Infrastructure)

Frequently Asked Questions

How much water can I collect from my roof?

The basic formula is: litres = roof area (m²) × rainfall (mm) × runoff coefficient × system efficiency. 1 mm of rain on 1 m² yields 1 litre.

What is the runoff coefficient?

Not all rain that hits the roof makes it to the tank. The runoff coefficient accounts for evaporation, splash, and absorption. Hard metal/plastic roofs are ~85-90%, tiles ~75-85%, rough surfaces lower.

What tank size do I need?

A common guideline is 5-10% of annual yield, or storage for 4-6 weeks of average usage. Larger tanks provide more drought security but cost more. We suggest ~5% of annual yield as a starting point.

Can I use rainwater for drinking?

Rainwater can be used for drinking if properly treated (filtration, UV, or chlorination) and collected from clean roofs. Most systems use it for gardens, toilets, and laundry without treatment.

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